For today’s teens, friendships, crushes, and dating are inextricable from social media, messaging apps, gaming platforms, and AI tools. Technology can help us connect, but it also introduces real safety risks that every teen should understand.
For Teen Dating Violence Awareness Month, Sanctuary for Families created a useful online safety guide that highlights what every teen (and the adults who care about them) should know about tech-facilitated abuse, digital boundaries, and protective safeguards.
- What is Technology-Facilitated Abuse?
- Red Flags in Relationships Online
- Sexting, Pressure, & Consent
- Image-Based Abuse
- Impersonation & Sextortion
- What To Do If You Are Experiencing TFA
- To Parents, Educators, & Caregivers
What is Technology-Facilitated Abuse?
Abuse is not just physical. In many teen relationships, harm can occur through phones, apps, and platforms. This is known as technology-facilitated abuse (TFA), the use of digital tools to harass, monitor, threaten, or control someone.
Red Flags in Relationships Online
The values that shape healthy in-person relationships — respect, consent, boundaries, trust, and safety — also apply online.
Unhealthy online behaviors often involve pressure, manipulation, or monitoring.
Check out examples in the graphic below:

Sexting, Pressure, & Consent
Sexting — sending sexually explicit photographs or messages — can be a natural part of personal and sexual development and exploration. However, teens should understand the emotional and legal risks associated with sexting.
Under New York state and federal law, possessing or sending nude images of a person under 18 is illegal, even if you are also under 18 years old. There is no “safe” way to send or have a nude image of a minor on your device — this is considered possession of child pornography.
Despite this, sexting is on the rise. A 2026 study found that nearly 1 in 3 young people reported having received a sext, and almost 1 in 4 said they had sent one.
Many teens face pressure to send intimate images — up to 70% of teenagers who have sexted reported feeling pressured or coerced to do so.
There cannot be consent if pressure is involved.
Consent is an ongoing mutual agreement between partners that must be freely given, not coerced.
Coercion can look like:
- “If you loved me, you would send one.”
- “Wow, you don’t trust me?”
- “Are we even dating then?”
- “Everyone does it.”
In safe sexting:
- BOTH people consent — the person wants to send a message or image, and has been told by the other person that the other person wants to receive them
- Participants exchange messages without pictures or videos (e.g. phone calls, texts)
If sending a photo (between adults), it’s best to:
- Not include any identifying markers in a photo (face, tattoos, piercings, birthmarks, background of picture)
- Ensure live photo is turned off
- Consider the security of the app being used to send images
- Understand that once an image is sent, control over it is lost
Image-Based Abuse
Image-based abuse, or non-consensual intimate image abuse (also known by the victim-blaming term “revenge porn”), is the sharing, posting, or forwarding of an intimate photo or video (real or digitally altered) of another individual without their consent.
It is ILLEGAL in all 50 states to non-consensually share intimate photos or videos of another person.
If you have experienced image-based abuse, know it is not your fault, and you are not alone. There are numerous avenues to stop the abuse, have the content taken down, and hold the perpetrator accountable, including Orders of Protection and requests to take down content on social media.
You have the right to expect private images to remain private.
If you have sent images of yourself, including while you are underage, you are still entitled to protection and help.
Impersonation & Sextortion
Online relationships can feel very real — and they can be. But it is difficult to know who you are really talking to online.
It is very common for perpetrators to impersonate a young person (“catfishing”) — often pretending to be a young, attractive girl or woman — in order to pressure someone to send an intimate picture.
This dangerous practice is called sextortion. It’s an increasingly prevalent form of abuse where a person threatens to disseminate another person’s sexually explicit images if they do not comply with their demands.
Historically, offenders have targeted young girls to extort them for money. But today, it’s young boys who are the overwhelming target — a 2024 study by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) found that 90% of victims of financial sextortion were boys between the ages of 14 and 17.
If you are the victim of sextortion, know that help is available. Your family, loved ones, and community are here to support you, and there are resources to assist you.
Here are some tips to remain safe online:
- Do not share personal information on gaming platforms or social media
- Be wary of people trying to transition off video games to social media platforms
- Know that having mutual friends with other users on social media does not mean you should automatically trust them
- Trust your instincts if something feels off
Warning signs of a potentially unsafe online connection:
- The relationship progresses quickly
- They avoid video calls/meetings in person and only want to stay on apps/text
- They have a limited or suspicious social media presence
- They request money, gift cards, or images
- Their profile and personality feel “too perfect”
- They have an odd texting style
What To Do If You Are Experiencing TFA
Cyber sexual abuse and sextortion are illegal, and abusers can be held accountable. Victims should feel safe to seek help in New York State, even if they have shared intimate images of themselves as a minor.
Please know that giving in to blackmail requests hardly ever results in the threats stopping.
If explicit images of you (real or digitally altered) have been posted or shared, or you are getting threats about images being exposed, follow these steps:
1. Know that this is not your fault
2. Document evidence – EXCEPT nude photos under 18
Save screenshots, usernames, and messages. However, do NOT save or copy any nude or partially nude images of young people under 18, including yourself.
3. Block — but don’t delete
Block the offending account, but don’t delete messages, even if you are scared or upset. Conversations and profiles could be needed for reporting and getting assistance.
4. Seek support
Talk to a trusted adult, counselor, or organization for support and to get help getting your pictures taken down.
5. Report — and get content taken down
- Take It Down (NCMEC) is a free service that can help you remove or stop the online sharing of nude, partially nude, or sexually explicit images or videos taken of you when you were under 18 years old.
- Missing Kids has resources on how to remove intimate image content from many platforms, including TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube.
- Love is Respect has excellent resources on teen dating violence.
- Day One offers services to NYC youth age 24 and under.
To Parents, Caregivers, & Educators
Being a victim of sextortion can be incredibly difficult, especially for young people. Studies have found sextortion to be closely linked with the risk of suicide.
Having open, non-judgmental conversations with young people about online behavior, consent, and sexting can dramatically reduce risk of harm. Teens are more likely to seek help when they feel safe talking about uncomfortable experiences and know they can count on you for support.
Safety online is possible. With knowledge, boundaries, and support, teens can build respectful and healthy relationships — online and offline.
If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, know that there are resources available. The National Domestic Violence Hotline provides confidential support and information 24/7 at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233).
If you live in New York City, please get in touch with Sanctuary for Families to get help.